The Department Of Homeland Security - 1176 Words

The DHS continues to evolve in order to meet present and future challenges. The organization defines its current mission and goals while using current intelligence to forecast future threats. The DHS has identified areas in need of improvement in order to prepare for future threats. Citizens criticize policies in national security as infringing on civil liberties, and an ongoing debate ensues over the sacrifice of civil liberties in the name of national security. The DHS continues to evolve in analyzing future threats and identifying means for the organization to meet them. The DHS’s overall mission is to, â€Å"†¦ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards.† (U.S. Department of Homeland Security†¦show more content†¦values, building security partnerships, and building a culture of resilience (President 2011, 4). The DHS has shown progress in building security partners through the department’s efforts in information sharing efficiency as demonstrated in fusion centers. Building a culture of resilience entails the DHS mission of understanding and reducing the vulnerability of the nation, and mitigating the damage from an attack. Evaluating the DHS’s progress in this task is difficult, because it is uncertain how much of the nation’s resilience is inherent, and how much is a product of the DHS’s actions. Future terrorism projections state that weapons of mass destruction and explosive devices will be more accessible to terrorists and organizations (We st 2012, 4). A suggested strategy to combat this forecasted threat is to develop stronger relationships with foreign governments and other stakeholders. The DHS will need to build a stronger relationship with other government departments in order to access the resources and intelligence to build the suggested relationship with foreign governments and stakeholders to meet this future threat. The security and management of our nation’s borders remains an emotionally charged and controversial topic. The DHS goals are to control U.S. air, land, and sea borders, safeguard lawful trade and travel, and the disruption and dismantlement of transnational criminal organizations (U.S. Department of

What Are The Three Reasons The Aggregate Demand Curve...

a. Two macroeconomic variables that decline when the economy goes into a recession are real GDP and investment spending. GDP will decrease because the economy will be producing fewer goods and services overall. Investment spending, spending on new capital, will decrease in order to conserve and spend in other areas. The unemployment rate is one macroeconomic variable that will rise during a recession. If an economy begins producing fewer goods and services, businesses will need fewer employees to meet the production demand. 3.) List and explain the three reasons the aggregate-demand curve slopes downward. a. Three reasons the aggregate-demand curve slopes downward are the wealth effect, the interest-rate effect, and the exchange rate effect. The wealth effect explains that when the price level decreases, each consumer is wealthier because the real value of his or her dollar has increased. Wealthier consumers spend more, increasing the demand for consumption goods and services. Conversely, if the price level rises, the real value of the dollar will decrease, effectively making consumers poorer. Poorer consumers will spend less on consumption, decreasing the demand for goods and services. The interest-rate effect explains that when the price level decreases, consumers have more money left over after consumption (because prices have dropped) which they can then place in financial intermediaries (banks) who can in turn loan those funds out. An increase in the supply ofShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting The Economy Goes Into A Recession1850 Words   |  8 Pagesemployees to meet the production demand. 3.) List and explain the three reasons the aggregate-demand curve slopes downward. a. Three reasons the aggregate-demand curve slopes downward are the wealth effect, the interest-rate effect, and the exchange rate effect. The wealth effect explains that when the price level decreases, each consumer is wealthier because the real value of his or her dollar has increased. Wealthier consumers spend more, increasing the demand for consumption goods and servicesRead MoreDemand Curve and Supply Curve2333 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature Review Demand and supply have been generalized to explain macroeconomic variables in a market economy. The Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is the most direct application of supply and demand to macroeconomics. Compared to microeconomic uses of demand and supply, different theoretical considerations apply to such macroeconomic counterparts as aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The AD-AS or Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is a macroeconomic model that explains priceRead MoreInterest and Topic10250 Words   |  41 Pages_________________________________________________ 1. Consumption function/APC/MPC 1-39 2. Saving function/APS/MPS 40-53 3. Shifts in consumption and saving functions 54-69 4 Graphs/tables: mixed consumption and saving 70-106 5. Investment demand 107-145 6. Multiplier effect 146-181 Consider This 182-183 Last Word 184-185 True-False 186-200 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Multiple Choice Questions ConsumptionRead MoreEconomics - Tutorial Answers26233 Words   |  105 Pages1 Managerial Economics 2010 Answers to All Tutorial Questions Topic 1 : What is managerial economics Questions from Chapter 1 of the Text (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin) Review Question 1 (pp. 4) List some examples of scarcity in Australia today. An example of scarcity at the economy-wide level would be people with lower incomes being forced to choose between food and petrol due to high prices for both. An example of scarcity at an individual level would be a person unable to afford bothRead MoreFinal Exam14001 Words   |  57 PagesCHAPTER 21 (tracking us economy) 1. (National Income Accounting) Identify the component of aggregate expenditure to which each of the following belongs: a. A U.S. resident’s purchase of a new automobile manufactured in Japan b. A household’s purchase of one hour of legal advice c. Construction of a new house d. An increase in semiconductor inventories over last year’s level e. A city government’s acquisition of 10 new police cars. a. Net exports b. Consumption Read MoreEcon: Multiplier Effect1343 Words   |  6 Pagesspend all of their income on consumption; part of their income is withdrawn as net savings, Net taxes and Import expenditure. This happens through another three agents: Banks, Government and Abroad. These agents also represent part of the demand for firm’s output. It is an additional component of aggregate demand called injections. We divide three types of injections caused by these agents: Investment (by banks), Government expenditure (government) and Export expenditure (by abroad) In the firstRead MoreEconomics12898 Words   |  52 Pagesheart of the study of economics and the reason behind its establishment. Authors have defined scarcity in various way some if which are complexly stated. One author defines scarcity as a commodity or service being in short supply, relatives to its demand (Kapur 1997) which implies a constant availability of commodity or economic resource relatives to the demand for them. In quantitative terms, scarcity is sad to exist when at a zero price there is a unit of demand, which exceeds the available supplyRead MoreEconomics : Basic Economic Concepts Essay3027 Words   |  13 PagesSocial Science Basic Economic Concept Jordan Mcdowell Civics K.David 5 December 2016 . Economics a Social Science Basic Economic Concept Scarcity Supply and Demand Utility Measurement of Economic Performance Gross domestic product (GDP) National Income and Price Determination Stabilization Policies Demand management policy Fiscal policy Monetary Policy Economic Growth Open Economy: International Trade and Finance To understand economics, one must first exploreRead MoreThree Principles Describe How Economy as a Whole Works11284 Words   |  46 PagesSolutions to Quick Quizzes Chapter 1 1. There are many possible answers. 2. There are many possible answers. 3. The three principles that describe how the economy as a whole works are: (1) a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services; (2) prices rise when the government prints too much money; and (3) society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. A country’s standard of living depends largely on the productivity of its workers, whichRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of Higher Education2468 Words   |  10 Pageshourly wages, it is becoming harder and harder for the average American family to afford going to college. What factors have been driving this large rise in tuition prices? This thesis aims to set up a supply and demand framework to analyze the various forces that may be driving the price of higher education to rise above the Consumer Price Index over time. After defining long-run supply and demand for the higher education market, this thesis ad dresses economy-wide factors and summarizes the findings

Poverty essay Free Essays

It has been said that â€Å"Poverty is functional to society today†, the extent to which this is true have been explore by theorists of the cultural, Marxist, and functional perspectives and can be examined SSI Eng countries of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago. To begin, in the late sass, Oscar Lewis, an American anthropologist created t he culture of poverty ideology. It is in this ideology that he states that there are t here levels in the culture of poverty . We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first being the individual level. Here the poor feels helpless, inferior to those around him and marginal’s from society. The individual De plops a sense of acquiescence and fatalism. He goes to say that the individual desires immediate ratification even through expedient means as the are unable to delay gratifier action. Secondly, the family level. On this level, there exist consensual marriages or FRR e runs, a high rate of divorce and a significant number of matriarchal families. Lastly, the community level in which most people are fatalistic therefore leading to mini mum effectual corporation in the major institutions. There is non membership in try add unions and other homogeneous organizations. Not to mention, that little use is made of banks, hospitals, museums and other indistinguishable institutions. Lewis concluded his concept y suggesting that the culture of poverty emboldens poverty as the preceding characteristics of poverty act as vehicles to ensure the continuation of poverty If this is applied to the country of Trinidad and Tobago, it can be said that those e Of the Beta residence formerly known as ‘shanty town’ may experience pope rotor each level. Individualistically, persons of the Beta residences and surrounding areas are often marginal’s and are left to feel helpless and inferior to those belonging g to other areas in Trinidad and Tobago. Most have given up on finding a way out of poverty a ND has turn o illegal means for immediate gratification. On the family level there are ma NY common law marriages along with a high rate of divorce and separation between couple sees, therefore contributing to the existence of a notable number of matriarchal households. Also there is little participation in institutions such as schools whether as a teacher or stud antes suggested by Lewis the persons belonging to this region may never find their way out of poverty as all the aforementioned characteristics encourages poverty to be c intended . Thus, it can be said that Lewis does not believe that poverty is functional in s society. Though Lewis held great views, Critics have argued that in many countries, t poor has found ways of improving their life situation. These include, participate Ins In community groups and politics and also by maintaining strong family units. A Iso other researchers have insisted that the behavior of the poor is not culturally est. Wished but instead is due to ‘situational constraints’. For ex underemployment, unemployed meet low income and other related factors. Conflict theorists put forward the idea that poverty is a result of the state’s fail ere to allocate resources equitably. They examine poverty from different angles inch ding that of the labor market, stratification system and capitalism. They state that in the I Barbour market, there is an increasing demand for skilled workers in industrialized societies. Hose who are unemployed and underemployed are most likely unable to meet the require meets and are unable to secure high wages on the labor market,thus, remaining in poverty. A great example of this can be seen in Trinidad and Tobago where a person is now ex pecked to have at least three SEC passes in order to work as a cashier in a grocery or in KEF. Alternatively, there is a dual labor mar ket, consisting of the primary labor racket and the secondary labor market. The primary labor market is found in large e profitable companies with job security, high wages and training opportunities. While the secondary labor market is found in small companies with little job security low wages a ND few training purport nineties. Conflict theorists suggests that women and those of et hon. minorities are concentrated in the secondary labor market and take low paying jobs. T his too, can be seen in Trinidad and Tobago where the primary labor market is official go Vermont offices or non governmental organizations and the secondary labor market would be irking in hairdressing salons, hardware, groceries, in the market, CHEEP, et c. It is in most of these organizations Women and the ethnic minorities are heavily me played. In addition, Marxist theorist explores poverty from the angle of the stratification system. They indicate that this system relates poverty to class. They believe the at the ‘underclass’, namely the retired elderly, the physically disabled and single par .NET families lack prestige and wealth and that their low position is a result of their low sat tutus. They go on to say that it is because of their low wages that opportunities for better pap d jobs are limited. Equally important is the angle of capitalism. It is here that Marxist states that the existence of poverty is in favor of the owners of production, as it allows the m to maintain the capitalist system and maximize profits . It is important to realism that me embers of the working class only owns their labor which is sold at a wage and for those who SSE labor is not in demand, wages are low. Therefore competitions among workers arise which keeps the wage levels in check. The conflict theorist says that the state will act in FAA our of the ruling class and therefore, the government would do little to reduce poverty. From this it can be said that Marxist view poverty as being functional in society but to non e other than the upper class or owners of production while exploiting the working class. There are researchers who disagree with the Marxist point Of view reason bee Eng, the Marxist view has failed to clearly states what causes certain groups in society to become poor, also the perspective does not distinctly distinguish the poor from other members of the working class, and therefore fails to offer an explanation for their poverty. Not to mention that the theory does not explore the income variations existing with n the working class. Another Perspective taken on poverty is the Functionalist or conservative app roach led by Herbert . J Gangs. He argues that poverty persists because it IS beneficial to certain non poor and affluent groups in society. Functionalist theorists including Gangs argues that there are certain functions of poverty. How to cite Poverty essay, Essays

Why Do First Year University Students Drop Out free essay sample

This writing assignment will discuss namely the most evident dilemmas experienced by firs year students such as adjustments to campus life, socializing and peer pressure at campus and also the lack of finance. Adjustments: There is a vast difference between campus life and school, and many students do not realise this initially. When the first month has passed, the new environment should have made a significant of change for many of the first year students. The workload is much greater, the freedom unlimited and most of all students are alone. These aspects affect the students in a negative way, if the student is not mentally and emotionally prepared for the circumstances around them. They might also not be mature enough to handle the workload and the pace at which it’s being thrown upon them on a day to day basis. From all entrants to the campus, a limited amount actually copes with the metamorphosis from high school to university, for the majority dropping out is the easiest way. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do First Year University Students Drop Out? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Socializing and peer pressure: This aspect deals with a form of development all students are bound to face in their lives. Socialising is the most exciting yet distracting phase experienced at universities. It is an especially exciting and tempting time for first year students, since they get to experience their new found ‘freedom’. All they would now like to do is explore their unlimited option available to them. If these first year students do not have self control they may stray off the ‘studious path’, thus neglecting their campus work for social activities. Due to this slacking behaviour they might get kicked out of campus because they are not pulling their weight, or they might leave on their own accord. Lack of finances or financial aid: Most students that attend universities or tertiary institutions are not fortunate enough to pay for their own studies. This is due to various financial instabilities. Students therefore rely on jobs, loans and financial aids to pay for their fees, although these methods do not always work. Students that have jobs try to balance work and campus life, but these two commitments do not always mesh well because they are under a fair bit of pressure and exhaustion. Also banks and other institutions deny loans, or half way through their sponsorship they pull out to the disappointment of the student. Regrettably financial aid cannot help everybody because of set criteria and also these offers are limited to a few. This might now force the student to deregister from certain subjects, or drop out via deregistration from their full course. Conclusion: This essay has discussed the dilemmas faced by majority of first year students. Thus eventually leading them to drop out. The dilemmas that have enthrusted upon these students so well are the adjustments of campus life, socialising and peer pressure on and around campus also the lack of finances faced by many. These are the most evident and aggravating reasons why many first years drop out. Students should prepare themselves well in advance for the change that will unfold before them, because change is inevitable and they should embrace it open minded!

Advances in technology free essay sample

This world goes through a lot of changes as time goes on. Changes in technology can make a brighter future for individuals. Because of advances in technology, this world is becoming more efficient and saving us money in the long-run with fuel, electricity, communication, etc. The social lifestyle of an individual involves technology in some way. Technology has become a necessity in these modern days and it is going to become more advanced as time goes on. With these advances in technology, the social lifestyles of individuals can be simpler. Technology moves our world forward into a new and advanced era. Without technology, we would all be stuck in the same time as our ancestors. Technology is a very good thing for people anywhere and everywhere, no matter how old, it helps us in every aspect of our daily lives, and it is a thing that cannot be lived without. Technology has many branches and levels, from cell phones to the internet and even for medical purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Advances in technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, cell phones and the internet have taken the main role in changing our society. I find it truly amazing that a person from China is able to talk to a person from the United States, all through the internet. Programs such as facebook make finding an old childhood friend extremely easy, all that is to be done is type in their name. The advantages of technology include better health facilities due to increased disease diagnosis using technology and faster as well as more accurate business results and solutions through technology. Technology has also enabled the automation of manual work thus saving time and money. It has boosted the entertainment through games and computer programs as well as increase in economy growth due to faster and easier business. Without technology in our lives, our world we be a very different place. Not only does technology provide us with a new and improved way to communicate, is gives us new and exciting ways to research and get ideas out to the world faster. Technology is only going to get better and better as each day progresses and with the appropriate efforts and integrating it into the classroom will enhance education forever. Our advance in technology has and always will be a good thing that will always benefit our world. People’s lives are becoming simpler.

Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance

Appearance vs. Reality In the play "A Streetcar Named Desire," written by Tennessee Williams, there are many different themes. A main theme in this play is the contradiction between appearance and reality. Blanche Dubois hides from the truth and often escapes through illusions. At first, Blanche seems to be a high strung, but refined, woman who has come to New Orleans to pay her sister a visit. But as the play unfolds her past is revealed. She came to Elysian Fields seeking love and help, but she found hostility and rejection. Blanche has been scarred by her husband's suicide and by the lost of her home. She rejects reality in favor of illusion because reality has harmed her so many times before. Too much truthfullness destroyed her marriage and death has taken her ancestorial house. Her last resort was dreams therefore she says what should be true but in reality isn't. She realizes that she is no longer attractive to men. She flirts in very dimly lit places because she is afraid of what men might think of her if they see the real her. She believes that deception is half of a ladys charm. Stanley, her brother-in-law is set out to destroy her. He finds her a threat to his relationship with Stella. Soon enough Blache and Mitch start to talk. He is the first person to be attracted to her since she has arrived in New Orleans. Mitch sees a refined charming and intelliegent women. She never tells him the truth about her. Mitch talks of marriage around her and she get delighted that a man has thought of marrying her. She then reveals the truth of her husband. Blanch can't erase from her mind the image of his bloody corpse or the sound of his fatal gunshot. "...the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since then has there been any light that's stonger thnan thiskitchencandle."(pg 96)! She exposes the fact that she wants to have someone and wants to be marri... Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance Appearance vs. Reality In the play "A Streetcar Named Desire," written by Tennessee Williams, there are many different themes. A main theme in this play is the contradiction between appearance and reality. Blanche Dubois hides from the truth and often escapes through illusions. At first, Blanche seems to be a high strung, but refined, woman who has come to New Orleans to pay her sister a visit. But as the play unfolds her past is revealed. She came to Elysian Fields seeking love and help, but she found hostility and rejection. Blanche has been scarred by her husband's suicide and by the lost of her home. She rejects reality in favor of illusion because reality has harmed her so many times before. Too much truthfullness destroyed her marriage and death has taken her ancestorial house. Her last resort was dreams therefore she says what should be true but in reality isn't. She realizes that she is no longer attractive to men. She flirts in very dimly lit places because she is afraid of what men might think of her if they see the real her. She believes that deception is half of a ladys charm. Stanley, her brother-in-law is set out to destroy her. He finds her a threat to his relationship with Stella. Soon enough Blache and Mitch start to talk. He is the first person to be attracted to her since she has arrived in New Orleans. Mitch sees a refined charming and intelliegent women. She never tells him the truth about her. Mitch talks of marriage around her and she get delighted that a man has thought of marrying her. She then reveals the truth of her husband. Blanch can't erase from her mind the image of his bloody corpse or the sound of his fatal gunshot. "...the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since then has there been any light that's stonger thnan thiskitchencandle."(pg 96)! She exposes the fact that she wants to have someone and wants to be marri...

HENRIETTA LACKS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HENRIETTA LACKS - Assignment Example This created a debate in the science and research world on whether we are in control of what we are made of (Skloot, pp.1-3). The story of Henrietta Lacks brings up the question of consent and whether a patient should be told when his or her cells are put in use. During the 1950s, there was no law against these practices but now there are laws that have to be adhered to. The question of informed consent remains a major ethical issue in nursing practise. He-la cells have had an Impact in medicine and vaccination. They have been used to find a vaccine for polio and even in the study of diseases such as tuberculosis and many others that have in turn changed the medicine world (Skloot, pp.3-7). This story also serves as an inspiration to leave an impact on the nursing community. Henrietta died a long time ago, but her influence is still felt up to today. Through cultural knowledge scientists can study human tissue and develop a cure for diseases as soon as they occur. The centre for disease control engages in the practice of development of cell-based flu vaccines which has helped nurses to fight outbreaks all over the world such the swine flu outbreak. Nurses have used the study stem cell culture for therapeutic and research activities affect health leading growth of medicine as a branch of science (Nagy, Rossant, Nagy, Abramo, Newerly,

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Assignment - 3

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Assignment Example Fromt his paper it is clear that for the business plans that are externally focused, tend to include what is relevant to the external stakeholders, especially financial stakeholders. The externally focused business plan will be more focused on the team driving the business plan and financial performance. Internally focused business plans are intended to focus the organization in meeting their intermediate goals. These plans may include plans to develop new products, introduction of new services, internal restructuring, partnerships etc. that is required to reach the external goals. They may cover the development of a new product, a new service, a new IT system, a restructuring of finance, the refurbishing of a factory or a restructuring of the organization.This study outlines that business plans can be used as decision making tools. Business plans in this case can help the organization stay focused in meeting its goals. During conflicts of investment directions, the business plan can be used to guide new investments, since the business plan is a representation of all the business aspects as it will show the marketing, operational, financial and human resourcing plan.  The preparation of a business plan draws people from diverse fields as one field is not sufficient enough to achieve the objectives of any business. Disciplines involved in the development of a business plan include: marketing, operation management, finance, management, and human resource, supply chain management, etc.... The preparation of a business plan draws people from diverse fields as one field is not sufficient enough to achieve the objectives of any business. Disciplines involved in the development of a business plan include: marketing, operation management, finance, management, and human resource, supply chain management, etc. Therefore the development of any business plan should be inclusive so as to gain from the knowledge and expertise of other fields (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985, pp.85-94). 2. Idea generation A business idea can be defined as a concept to be developed and used to start a commercial venture. The concept can be about a service or a product that can be transformed into revenue generation. The business idea is the seed for a business venture without it, there is no business. Not everyone is endowed with business idea generation capabilities, idea scan be generated by an individual or as a group. The idea has to be modelled to make it viable for a business venture. Before start ing a business, an idea has to be developed and tested. Ideas can be tested by feasibility studies and piloting. If the tests prove viable then the business can start. Feasibility studies helps to sharpen business ideas as it brings the idea closer to reality from an idealistic position. At the same time, an idea can be good, tested and proved to be viable, however if the timing of implementation is bad, then the business will fail. Therefore the timing for business start should also be right (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985, pp.85-94). 3. Strategic objectives The strategic objectives part of the business plan is focused on addressing how the company intends to get where they are going, defines the broad approach to the achievement of the

Theodore Roosevelt and his contribution to America Research Paper

Theodore Roosevelt and his contribution to America - Research Paper Example He used these enhancements to make serious and positive changes to the US. He focused upon some of the most important questions concerning the power of the government and the individuals within a nation. Body US was experiencing heavy amount of economic growth and was being regarded as the wealthiest nation when Roosevelt replaced McKinley as president. US were leading throughout the world in the production of iron, coal steel and timber when Roosevelt came into action. During that era US even experienced growth in the rate of population and exports. The growth experienced by US was beneficial but equally disastrous as this growth brought poverty, increase in child labor, unpleasant working conditions and unequal distribution of wealth. Roosevelt was of the opinion that government should intervene and limit the freedom enjoyed by private enterprises. Due to this he started regulating private businesses by making several changes to the laws and constitution, some of these changes in laws includes: the drug act, laws regarding the safety and inspection of working conditions in industries and the Pure Food Act (D'Silva 262). Although these changes were not appreciated by the business communi ty during that time period but today the importance of these changes are recognized by the citizens of US. Roosevelt was clearly of the opinion that one aspect of the society that should be directed and supervised by the government was the economy of a country. The laws and regulations added to the constitution by the president have aided the society in bringing Private Corporations such as Enron and Microsoft to justice. During the period of 1912, he tried for the third term as president under the Progressive Political party, during this session he coined and promoted some of the various changes to constitution that were later enacted under president Franklin, these changes included the stock market regulation, minimum wage clause and the Social security clause. Roosevelt played the role of an activist not only in America but throughout the world as he promoted the role of the United States as world power. During the period of 1898 US was at war with the Spanish nations and soon co nquered them, after the war US became responsible for supervising territories such as Cuba and Puerto Rico (O'Toole 300). President Roosevelt was a part of the war as an American solider and later he supported and made the American citizens realize that US was a global power. He was even a promoter of democracy as he promoted the Marshall Plan which was enacted after his death. The legacies of the president were a gift to the world and to the future of US, he was in love with the natural beauty, he liked to experience adventures such as hiking and climbing and he was the first president of US to make the issues experienced by environment as a issue to be countered by the government. He was persuaded by the Sierra Club and the chief of the US forests to take the issue of protecting the environment to the federal level as the issue could not be countered on the state level (O'Toole 240). His love for preserving the environment and his love for nature made him create policies in order o protect the

Human Trafficking Modern Day Slavery Sociology Essay

Human Trafficking Modern Day Slavery Sociology Essay Fifty years ago, the abomination of slavery seemed like a thing of the past. But history has a way of repeating itself. Today, we find that human slavery is once again a sickening reality. At this moment, men, women and children are being trafficked and exploited all over the world. The Thirteenth Amendment did not abolish slavery completely, in fact, human trafficking is now the modern day slavery and is a problem in countries all over the world. Sex trafficking, illegal child labor, and illegal immigrant trafficking are all examples of human trafficking. A global underground problem, it is not only happening in the third world countries but civilized countries as well. Very seldom do victims of trafficking ever escape the vicious crime and many end up in dead or with diseases. Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery What is Trafficking? Every year, millions of people are trafficked into the modern-day equivalent of slavery. They are secretly transported across borders and sold like commodities, or trafficked within their countries for the sole purpose of exploitation. It is a crime that violates the basic human rights of victims. (What is Trafficking, 2010). Trafficking in persons means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. (What is human trafficking?, 2010). What does trafficking involve? Trafficking involves forcible movement of a person from one place to another and forcible utilization of their services with the intention of inducting them into trade for commercial gains. The word forcible means that the action is against the persons will or that consensus has been obtained by making deceptive claims and false allurements. In some cases, consensus is obtained because of the victims social conditioning, where the victim is not even aware that s/he is being exploited. (What is human trafficking?, 2010). Trafficking in persons include but are not limited to sex trafficking, child labor, and immigrant labor. Why People Fall Victim International trafficking is not limited to poor and undeveloped areas of the world-it is a problem in virtually every region of the globe. Countries with large (often legal) sex industries create the demand for trafficked women, while Countries where traffickers can easily recruit provide the supply. Generally, economically depressed countries provide the easiest recruitment for traffickers. In such nations, women are often eager to leave the country in search of better employment opportunities. Traffickers exploit this fact and often trick victims into thinking they will be going abroad to work as nannies or models. Sex Trafficking Sex trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery and its victims are majority women and girls, but can also be men or boys. Sex trafficking victims are induced to perform commercial sex by force, fraud, or coercions and theyre also lured into this situation because theyre promised a good job in another country, a false marriage proposal turned into a bondage situation, being sold into the sex trade by parents, husbands, boyfriends, or being kidnapped by traffickers. Types of Sex Trafficking have different forms of commercial sexual operations such as prostitution, pornography, stripping, live-sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution and sex tourism. (Rescue and Restore ). Trafficking of women is a transnational industry that generates billions of dollars. Although men, women and children are all victims of trafficking, it is a crime that disproportionately affects women and girls who make up approximately 80% of those trafficked transnationally, the majority of whom are tr afficked into commercial sexual exploitation Child Labor There are millions of children whose labor can be considered forced, not only because they are too young to choose to work, but also because they are, in fact, actively coerced into working. These include child bonded laborers children whose labor is pledged by parents as payment or collateral on a debt as well as children who are kidnapped or otherwise lured away from their families and imprisoned in sweatshops or brothels. In addition, millions of children around the world work unseen in domestic service given or sold at a very early age to another family. Forced child labor is found primarily in informal, unregulated or illegal sectors of the economy. It is most common among the economically vulnerable and least educated members of society such as minority ethnic or religious groups or the lowest classes or castes. (Forced and Bonded Child Labor, 2010) Children are especially vulnerable to exploitation because their lack of maturity makes them easy to deceive and ensures that they have little, if any, knowledge of their rights. Immigrant Smuggling Much like sex trafficking and child labor, the majority of people smuggled are immigrants and non-residents to the county they are being smuggled into. People are promised a good job with good pay with room and board provided. They fall for the trap and answer to the ad without knowing it is a trick. When they are brought to the place, traffickers already stole the immigrants passports and everything they own, making it impossible for the immigrants to go back home. Instead of the good job and pay they were promised, they end up working 12+ hour shifts, with basically no pay, and have bad living conditions. Men have been overlooked as potential victims of trafficking. Even when signs of exploitation that would sound alarms with women such as confiscation of travel documents are clear, immigration officers or assistance groups often classify men as migrant workers and send them on their way. In addition, men often dont want to admit that they were trafficked because this signifies w eakness or failure. (Cardais, 2009) Recruitment Tactics Traffickers used a variety of means to draw girls into the sex trade. The four key tactics of sex trafficking identified include: employment-induced migration via a broker; deception, through false marriage; visits offer; and force, through abduction. The majority of respondents (55%) were trafficked through false job promises. (Simkhada, 2008) Trafficking In Nepal Many girls involved in sex work do so because they are compelled by economic circumstances and social inequality. Some enter sex work voluntarily; others do so by force or deception, sometimes involving migration across international borders. Nepalese girls trafficked from Nepal to India are typically unmarried, illiterate and very young. Key routes to sex trafficking include employment-induced migration to urban areas, deception (through false marriage or visits) and abduction. Young girls who have been trafficked for sex work are a hidden population, largely due to its illegal nature. Employers of trafficked girls may keep them hidden from public view and limit contacts with outsiders. Trafficked girls may not identify themselves as such through fear of reprisals from their employers, fear of social stigma from involvement in sex work or their HIV-positive status or from their activities being revealed to family members. (Simkhada, 2008). Enforcement in Nepal In Nepal, high-level decision makers, lawmakers and politicians at the local level are often accused of being the protector of the traffickers. Many commentators blame the lack of legal enforcement arguing that policies are sound in Nepal but not their implementation and that political commitment is required to implement public policies. Political leaders and higher authorities in bureaucracy are accused of releasing the arrested traffickers from custody and taking political and monetary benefits from them or having associations with brothel-keepers. If a slave is trapped in a form of bondage other than commercial sexual exploitation, he or she is highly unlikely to be freed through police intervention. Infections amongst Girls in Nepal South Asia is currently home to 2.5 million HIV infected persons, 95% of whom are from India. However, HIV seroprevalence in a subset of neighboring South Asian countries has rapidly increased in recent years, due in part to migration and human trafficking from these countries into India. Female sex workers, especially those who are victims of sex trafficking to India, are increasingly recognized as a major factor in Nepals growing HIV epidemic. HIV seroprevalence among female sex workers in Nepal rose 24-fold (from Trafficking in Russia Russia from small towns and rural areas to metropolitan areas, and into Russia from the former Soviet space to work on urban and rural building sites, in shops, and in the sex industry. As a low risk, high reward business, trafficking in people now rivals drug trafficking in its profitability in a globalised world. The lifting of many former restrictions on foreign travel from the former post-Soviet space, more permeable borders and the desire to migrate for work abroad provided a fertile legal, economic, social and attitudinal context in which traffickers, whether part of organized crime and large mafia rings or not, could take advantage of potential migrants, including children. When analyzing different patterns of trafficking, social scientists in Russia began to use the term torgovlya lyudmi (literally trade in people), which was also adopted by some journalists, and later treffiking, awkwardly imported from English. (Buckley, 2009) Interpretation in Moscow The group in Moscow thought that work in prostitution was one variant for women. Whereas some condemned it as negative, the male student lightheartedly commented if the girl is attractive . . . for an attractive girl it is easier. The electrician, however, warned that if a person goes to a modeling agency, when they show the clothes, it turns out to be a massage parlor. The barman added, in large towns, I literally saw this notice yesterday Girls are needed in a sauna. No work experience necessary-interesting, in principle. The barman gave another example: Lets say the girl is looking for work. She came to Moscow to enter an institute. She meets a young man. The young man already has several girls in such a profession and off she goes. When pressed by the moderator as to whether the girl received a wage, the student answered, naturally. Perhaps it is his business. Such girls are needed. It exists. The girl gets a percentage. There is a mass of variants. The older singer added the gir l needs money. If she needs money, it is very simple to become a drug dealer. Another interjected, that means finding such structures. The elderly economist in Moscow contributed another version: she could marry unhappily, whether formally or not, and could learn a lesson in life from that. He could get her to sign a work contract, as they usually do to enlist girls in such work. Her point was that social life and a partner could also lead to disastrous and unexpected work in prostitution. (Buckley, 2009) Asian Culture Asian culture, similar to many other cultures, subsequently socializes children to respect and obey parents and to contribute to the familys well-being. This can be seen with Asian children who were trafficked and repeatedly explained how they put themselves at risk for the sake of economic improvement for their families. Many of them felt it necessary to make sacrifices for the benefit of their families, therefore living up to the cultural value of filial piety. Some of the girls who were trafficked for commercial sex talked about their mixed reactions to their experiences. They didnt like what they were doing, but also felt that to not engage in commercial sex work would disappoint their families in terms of making a financial contribution and providing support. Some girls did not want to leave prostitution and return home because they hadnt saved enough money to return without shame or embarrassment about the lack of savings to contribute or send home. A Thai saying captures the c oncept of filial piety. That saying is: Repaying the breast milk. (Chung, 2009) Western takes on Asian Culture Western Asian female stereotypes constitute another factor that contributes to the abuse of power, since these stereotypes create the demand for Asian girls to be trafficked into commercial sex work. The Western stereotypes of Asian girls and women being subservient, obedient, hard working, submissive, passive, docile, shy, demure, softly spoken, eager to please, and exotic, all lead to the China doll, Suzy Wong, and geisha syndrome. These stereotypes increase the demand for Asian girls and subsequently trafficking into the sex industry. (Chung, 2009). Child Abductions in Haiti? The recent earthquake in Haiti left thousands of children homeless and orphaned. A group of ten American missionaries collected thirty-three children (some of whom had living parents) after the January earthquake. They were stopped as they attempted to return to the Dominican Republic, where they planned to establish an orphanage. Because the missionaries had neglected to get official permission to transport the children out of the country, Haitian authorities charged them with child abduction and jailed them. The prisoners families released a statement asking for leniency: We are pleading to the Haitian prime minister to focus his energies on the critical tasks ahead for the country and to forgive mistakes that were made by a group of Americans trying to assist Haitis children. The Americans intentions may have been pure. Human trafficking, however, is a grievous problem in Haiti, and protecting children from exploitation was a critical task for the government even before the earthquake plunged the country into chaos. There have been calls for Haiti to lift restrictions on international adoptions in light of the greater number of children now in need. On the New York Times Web site, journalist E. J. Graff noted the risks involved. If you were a child trafficker or adoption profiteer, she asked, wouldnt you pretend to be a humanitarian worker trying to save orphans? (Commonweal, 2010) Activist Somaly Mam Somaly Mam knows the harsh truth of the commercial sexual exploitation of children. For years she lived it from the inside. When she was 12, her grandfather sold her into the sex trade in Cambodia. In the ensuing decade she was traded through brothels across Southeast Asia where she suffered unimaginable horrors. She counts herself fortunate to have escaped death at the hands of entrepreneurial pimps and brothel keepers. But, unable to forget the faces of the girls she left behind, Mam decided to rescue them. Today, she fights child sex trafficking, sexual slavery, illegal confinement and sexual violence at home and abroad. (Olivera, 2010). Mam has won international acclaim and numerous awards for her activism. She has infiltrated brothels to save enslaved girls, engineering their escape and providing them with a safe refuge. She has, without hesitation, pressured the police to raid brothels in spite of the fact that the legal system in Southeast Asia often supports the criminals, n ot the victims. In 1997, Mam and her ex-husband founded AFESIP, an organization dedicated to rescuing, housing and rehabilitating women and children in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam who have been sexually exploited. (Olivera, 2010) U.S Takes on Trafficking The United States has taken steps to respond to this trafficking dilemma. Congress first voted on an antitrafficking act in 2000, then again in 2003 and 2005. The government has appropriated $528 million toward this effort. In December, the governments tools for combating trafficking were strengthened by the passage of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2008. On the international front, TVPRA establishes the Trafficking in Persons Report as a diplomatic tool to encourage foreign governments to increase efforts to refrain and fight against modern-day slavery. The annual publication will include reports on individual countries progress or lack thereof. The bill also contains provisions for penalizing countries that violate trafficking laws in an attempt to steer any traffickers. The passage of TVPRA was a big step forward for U.S. antitrafficking efforts overall. (Todd, 2009). Today virtually every credible antitrafficking organization -including UN agencies, NGOs and responsible governments- agrees that engagement with law enforcement is the best and only sustainable way to protect victims and apprehend perpetrators of sex trafficking. Corruption within police forces should not be a reason to deny trafficking victims the enforcement of laws designed to protect them. Hollywood Movie Taken The recent release of the Hollywood film Taken opened up the eyes of all the viewers who watched it. It was about a man who loved his daughter very much and when she goes on a trip to Europe, she is abducted and enters the world of human and sex trafficking. The fathers stop at nothing to find his daughter. Movies like this give an overview of what the trafficking world really looks like .For a person that has never heard of the term, it really opens up ones eyes and perspective. Educating Women Research has shown that investing in the education and financial power of girls and women generates multiple social benefits. Better educated women have higher incomes and raise healthier children. They are more likely to be able to plan the size of their families, and they choose to have fewer children. Women are more likely than men are to use their earnings to support the health and education of their children. One study showed that women invest 90 percent of their income in their families, whereas men invest only 30 to 40 percent. Investing in young women is the key not only to ending sex trafficking, its the key to changing the world. Opening the Worlds Eyes Trafficking is a global problem and will probably always be a problem. It has been around for centuries and one can only tell when it will ever stop. Though there may never be an end to human trafficking, knowledge is the ultimate power and people working together to fight human trafficking, lives can be saved.

Shakespeare’s King Lear Essay -- essays research papers fc

Multiple Viewpoints of Shakespeare’s King Lear Shakespeare’s King Lear is a tragic about an aging King of Britain and his three daughters. When it comes time to divide his kingdom, he puts his daughters through a test to prove how much they love him. The two older daughters, Goneril and Regan, give King Lear flattering answers and therefore receive great amounts of finer land. The third and youngest daughter, Cordilia, says that she has no words to describe how much she loves her father. King Lear becomes enraged with Cordilia and disowns her and gives her no land. The rest of the play tells the story of how the two older daughters become corrupt and get greedy. King Leer is thrown out of his own house by his daughters and begins his decline into madness. This plot has lead to the development of different interpretations and versions of the play. These slants change the setting and viewpoint of the play, but not the basic plot and story line. Shakespeare sets up King Leer as a tragedy. The play is meant to be very dramatic and done with lots of emotion. This can be seen when King Leer is having his rage with the storm as well as when he finds his daughter Cordilia dead. He begins to slip in and out of madness once again. This same drama is tried to be displayed in the slant of Shakespeare’s King Lear, King of Texas. The director of King of Texas, Ulrich Edel, a director from Neuenburg am Rhein, Germany, has directed many movies, television shows, as well as television mini series since 1984. Ulrich Edel also has some experience with Shakespeare before. In 2002 he directed the television mini series on USA, Julius Caesar. Ulrich Edel selects a cast that also has some excellent credentials. Patrick Stewart plays the lead of John Leer in the movie. Patrick Stewart is famous for being Captain Jean-Luc Picard on Star Trek the Next Generation, which ran from 1987-1994. Stewart also has extensive Shakespeare experience. He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1966, to begin 27-year association. Patrick Stewart in supported by Marcia Gay Harden, Oscar-nominated for "Pollock†, Lauren Holly, and Julie Cox. All of these actors and actresses along with Ulrich Edel’s credentials bring good credibility to the movie. The movie itself was nominated and won some awards. Patrick Stewart was nominated for a ... ... very good job of this, however many people of the audience said it helped them relate more to King Lear after watching the movie. Although the details of the movie may not have been up to par with most, it seemed to entertain and be enjoyed by the audience. King of Texas is only one viewpoint on King Lear. This version can be taken as just a movie to entertain or a slant on Shakespeare’s King Leer. Works Cited Halio, Jay L., ed. Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s King Lear. New York: Prentice Hall International, 1996. â€Å"King of Texas.† Culture Vulture. September 21, 1998. 2 March 2005. http://www.culturevulture.net/Movies4/KingofTexas.htm â€Å"King of Texas.† IMBD. 2 March 2005. http://imdb.com/title/tt0282659/ â€Å"King of Texas.† American Western Magazine. 2 March 2005. http://www.readthewest.com/FilmTNTkingoftexas2002.html â€Å"King of Texas.† Amazon. 2 March 2005. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00007AJFY/qid=1109863409/sr=8-1/ref=pd_csp_1/104-4653801-4063160?v=glance&s=dvd&n=507846#product-details Quinn, Edward G., ed. William Shakespeare’s King Lear. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1970.

Your Favourite Hobby

YOUR FAVOURITE HOBBY Introduction: Hobby means any form of amusement or pleasant occupation. It is also a pleasant pastime, which breaks the monotony of routine life. It refreshes one’s mined as well as body after toile. Hobby is not one’s main profession but it is not less important than one’s main business. Man runs his main business out of sheer necessity but man pursues hobby for sheer delight. In our practical life, every man has a hobby and every man should have a hobby in his life.Choice of hobbies: Different people have different choice of hobbies. Example of some popular hobbies are such as, gardening, reading, fishing, hunting, painting, singing, sewing, doll making, flowering making, sculpture making, coin collecting, angling and so many. Hobbies of great men: If we study the history of great men of the world, we will find that almost every had a hobby. Depending upon that hobby everyman enjoys pleasure and refreshness. Many great men of the world had their hobbies.They took the hobbies as the ways of removing the monotony of their lives. Alexander, Washington, Napoleon, Tolstoy, Rabindranath, Bernard Shaw- all had their hobbies. My hobby – gardening: I am a student. Though my main function is to study, I have a hobby. My favourite hobby is gardening. There is a small piece of land in front of my reading room. I am very lucky to have a plot of land for my garden. I have decided to make a garden there. So I clean it and fence around it.I have to work hard for my garden. At first, I make the soil loose with the help of a spade. When the soil is ready, I plant various types of flower plants and sow seeds there. When many seasonal flowers bloom in my garden, fragrance fills the air and comes into our house. The pleasant hue of the flowers dazzles my eyes. It reminds me the lines: – â€Å"Mind is your garden, Ideas are your seedsLife is the season To sow all your needs. † My activities in the garden: I work in my garden in the morning and in the evening. I make the soil loose with spade and weed out the grass. I plant new flower plants in it. I water the plants and take good care of them. I am happy to do all these with my own hands. The reason foe selecting: Among all other hobbies, I have chosen gardening as my hobby because it gives me more pleasure than any other things.I need physical exercise because of making my body active and strong. If I work in the garden, I do not need extra physical exercise. Considering above-mentioned argument, I have selected gardening as my favourite hobby. Usefulness: I have got much benefit from my garden. Before making my garden, I was sick and weak. But now, my health has been improved as I work in my garden. As a result, I posses a sound health. I give flowers to my neighbours to decorate their houses and gates on some special occasions. Then I become very glad and happy.Besides, I grow vegetables in my garden, which saves a lot of family expenses. Con clusion: My hobby is a source of joy and pleasure, health and wealth to me. It makes my life enjoyable. Really, I am very happy and delighted choosing a hobby like gardening. So I think everybody should have a hobby to make his life happy and merry. But we should guard ourselves against those hobbies, which have no practical utility in life. This is why I keep a harmony between my hobby and duty so that my hobby would be meaningful in my practical life. THE END

Addressing the Nurse Shortage

Addressing the Nurse Shortage Introduction The global healthcare system is gradually receiving substantial international concern, with the need to improve services to meet human healthcare demands augmenting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing the Nurse Shortage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite having great developments in its current healthcare provision, challenges facing the systems have become eminent with the public becoming heavily concerned with issues affecting these systems. Service improvement has always depended on several factors, including the levels of expertise in the healthcare system, the financial stability of the respective systems as well as the human resources related factors, among others. Precisely, human resource factors have always formed a larger accountability of performance in organizations. In this context, recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, including both doctors and nurses are part of the critical worries for health care providers. Over the past three decades, concern has risen about the overwhelming aspects in the recruitment and retention of the healthcare workers with researchers identifying gradual shortage of the labor force in healthcares. Therefore, for this rationale, this essay seeks to provide a comprehensive plan for recruitment and retention of nursing staff. Background to the problem (Global perspective) The global focus on the imperativeness of the healthcare sector at the height of human health needs remains a hotly contested issue across the world, both in developed and developing nations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For three consecutive decades, research has invested heavily on issues affecting the recruitment and retention of healthcare workers, with several challenges established in this context. According to Scanlon (20 01), medical experts and providers in the healthcare are reporting significant facts on the contemporary shortage of nurses, with increasingly complex of patients’ care needs across the globe. Based on this report, â€Å"while comprehensive data are lacking on the nature and extent of the shortage, research expect the situation to become more serious in the future as the aging of the population substantially increases the demand for nurses† (Scanlon, 2001, p. 2). The problem has extended from the past three decades and is currently stretching in all parts of the globe, regardless of the geographical positioning, the status of the economy or environment of a given state or nation. Situation in developed economies Focusing on the developed economies, the situation of recruitment and retention of healthcare workers, especially the nurses who are core to caring services in the healthcare, remains a contention in leading economies of the world. A current empirical evidence drawn from investigative studies undertaken in several parts of the United States of America have revealed considerable realities over the challenges facing recruitment and retention of healthcare employees. For instance, for the next twenty years, estimates reveal that the healthcare sector in the United States of America might have a shortage of about 400,000 Registered Nurses (RNs) below the required number (Perrine, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Addressing the Nurse Shortage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recent research, conducted in the USA in 2004, revealed that human-resource-related factors, including lack of motivation were eminently the most outstanding reasons associated with nurse understaffing. Others included nurse burnouts, low salaries/remunerations, lack of ample time with patients as well as other demographic characteristics. Primary demographics in the USA include gender, marital statu s and childlessness. The USA government has noticed this issue as among the most severe problems affecting the welfare and development of the nursing sector, with efforts in improving the healthcare systems and calls from different healthcare organizations calling for more sobriety and sanity in these sectors. A similar situation is eminent in the United Kingdom, Germany, China, and other parts of Europe with developed and developing economies suffering this menace. In Europe, employee recruitment and retention have augmented in the past two decades and the nursing sectors have felt the worst effect of this mayhem. Considerable empirical evidence has portrayed extensive correlation between nurse staffing and levels of performance in the healthcare system, especially nursing in the USA. Furthermore, â€Å"a recent Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) report to Congress found a direct relationship between nurse staffing levels in nursing homes and the quality of resident careà ¢â‚¬  (Scanlon, 2001, p. 5). This aspect forms a complete background to ascertain the contemporary issues affecting the entire globe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Substantial empirical evidence is continuously reflecting on the augmenting shortage of healthcare employees in the USA for the past two decades and the problem might further surge depending on the predetermined conditions. Empirical studies, undertaken by several researchers pertaining to this problem around the USA in a decade ago, reveal considerable and reliable evidence on the prevailing situation. According to Hasmiller and Cozine (2006), throughout a number of decades, hospitals in the entire U.S. have consistently faced cyclical shortages of nurses especially in the year 2000 when an estimated number of 126,000 hospital nursing positions remained vacant. Subsequently, the trend commenced in 2004, when the hospitals witnessed approximately 4% drop in the number of nurses working in hospital from the initial 59% in the year 2000. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) assert, â€Å"A broad set of factors related to recruitment and retention among them, fewer workers, an aging workforce, and unsatisfying work environments† (p. 268) are renowned contributive factors in this mayhem. Situation in developing nations The issues of recruitment and retention of healthcare employees, especially the nurses, remains a global controversy with its ramifications felt throughout the continuum of global healthcare stretching from developed to developing nations. Developing nations, including the entire Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the Asian continent have suffered from nurse staffing issues with the majority of them migrating from their countries in search of better labor remunerations. Arguments embedded in the research undertaken in developing nations indicate a considerable shift of carrier in healthcare sectors as well as complete migration from one country to another to explore better job opportunities. With the augmenting scarcity of healthcare workers, especially nurses, coupled with at least better remunerations in developed countries, job transfers are inc reasing from developed to developing nations. Anxiety is rising on how the two economies will manage the trend and as NGOs and government struggle to improve healthcare conditions in Africa and Asia, questions are rising on how they will curb the augmenting migration aspect. Research has cited nurse related factors as the reason behind poor healthcare provision in all economies, though developing economies are facing considerably more significant impact. A considerable amount of mortality and morbidity issues are directly relating to employment and retention of nurses with job satisfaction issues like wages, remunerations and salaries, as well as other underlying job factors in healthcare. Fatalities in the developing nations have sometimes associated with poor nursing practices attributed to factors relating to recruitment and retention of nurses. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) stress, â€Å"Nurses are the largest group of health care professionals providing direct patient care in ho spitals and the quality of care for hospital patients strongly links to the performance of nursing staff â€Å"(p. 268). In fact, healthcare is an essential component in human life determining the quality of life, which no one should defy. The prevailing condition in developing nations seems to be gradually elevating depending on underlying economic conditions in each nation. Regional perspective (area of study) Regionally, the issue of nurse staffing, including the recruitment and retention of such professionals, remains compromised. The nursing staffing menace has and is increasingly becoming a mind seizing matter with its ramifications stretching from international paradigm to local and regional states in the U.S. Nurse recruitment and retention in the state of Tennessee in America has recently become a regionally debated issue with significant stakeholders in the healthcare sector, struggling to find possible remedies to avert the situation. Despite substantial efforts by the b oard of nursing and other dependent associations around the entire U.S. inclusive of the Tennessee to improve the state of healthcare systems through education, practice and licensure much remain anticipated. Since the emergence of the board of nurses in the early 1911, reforms and transformations undertaken have hardly managed to overcome the most vital issue of employment and retention of workers in the healthcare system. Healthcare system in the State of Tennessee suffers mostly from unprecedented nurse-patient ratio with the situation augmenting from each consecutive year, posing significant health hazards. Latest reports of the last two years documented by the incumbent board of nursing of State of Tennessee have revealed significant evidence on the underway problem, citing an increasing shortage of nursing staffs and escalating patient numbers as major healthcare concerns. The problem seems to have existed and augmenting each successive year for the past one decade as other re searchers acknowledged the issue since before. Scanlon (2001) postulates, â€Å"an important factor in the current shortage is the higher proportion of patients having more complex care needs, which increases the demand for nurses with training for specialty areas such as critical care and emergency departments† (p. 3). There is an influx in the populace the State of Tennessee in the past two decades with some of the available medical centers facing congestion from the demanding health care. Statistics indicate that the number of patients attended to by nurses is increasing with a ratio greater than the nurse population can manage to handle. Background of the Organization (AI medical Center) This study focused on drawing empirical evidence from a single organization to represent other organizations operating in the U.S. As reflected in the background, the study’s interest in the research problem is typically in the U.S. A1 Medical Center is the case of this study, whic h is essential to provide empirical evidence to the prevailing research problem. A1 Medical Center is a 188-bed medical and surgical center, which serves more than 52,000 emergency cases per year. It is renowned for its quality of emergency care, cardiac services, oncology services, orthopedic surgery, diabetic management, and obstetric services. The staff commits to a service culture of â€Å"I serve†¦with pleasure† with values of integrity, selflessness, exceptional patient-centered care quality, respect, visionary care, and overall excellence. The medical center focuses on hiring quality staff. Bound to this objectivity, nurses are always obligated to perform their duties diligently to ensure they meet the standards required to address the increasingly complex care needs. Currently, the high patient turnover in A1 Medical Center is threatening the ability of nurses to provide the quality care needed within the hospital. Nurses are forced to work extra hard with the nu mber of overtime working increasing consecutively. Problem Description As with many other medical centers, a key problem is the hiring and retention of medical staff and especially nurses. It is challenging to find nurses of the appropriate quality and quantity needed to provide patients with the level of care indicated by the company culture. The shortage of the nursing personnel forces the center’s management to ask the available nursing staff to work for long hours, coupled with making use of outside agency nurses to compensate for the shortage. This observation means that first; staff nurses are over-worked and second, outside agency nurses may not have the same commitment to the organization’s culture and values. Due to the biting shortage, the available staff and particularly nurses have to deal with an increasing workload in their places of work, which are also not conducive. Both those situations can have a negative effect on patient care and negatively influen ces the company’s budgets, since the per-hour cost of agency nurses and overtime nurses is higher than standard pay rates. Problem Statement The key problem is to identify a plan that will better the recruitment and retention of nursing staff both to improve overall patient care and to reduce budget costs. The Director of Nursing at A1 Medical Center has requested a plan to address these issues. The problem addresses three critical functional areas of the organization: management, economics (financial input), and human resources. In terms of management, the critical approach will be the creation of one or more nursing pools to allow nurses to be cross-trained to float among two or more departments, depending on need. The leadership portion will be addressed by establishing a process of daily rounds by leaders to inform them of needed resources and to encourage positive work environment and by providing training and support for transitioning to a transformational style of lead ership. The human resources aspect comes into play through active recruitment of quality staff and providing appropriate leadership training to improve overall leadership skills. Methodological approaches employed This study was simply an investigated report that followed all necessary approaches to ensure that the information contained does not portray any form of biasness or breach of respective laws governing research. To provide a comprehensive insight into the prevailing condition in A1 Medical Center, it was essential to acquire primary data to provide empirical evidence to the study. The research sought consent from the respective authorities before undertaking any investigative strategy in the study. The researcher sought prior permission to interrogate members of the organization, especially acquiescence from the top management officials, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and all the appropriate managers. The concession involved a permit letter from respective man agers before commencing with the study. Being a member of this medical center, which was the case study, I had reliable data to validate the research problem. I decided to find partners to assist in analyzing the problem and thus no need for questions and interview schedules since it was just direct conversation. Functional area attributing to the problem Organization’s management For one to understand better the confronting issue of recruitment and retention of employees, it is important to identify the functional areas, especially those related to internal matters of the company. Management has itself always affected the general operations of A1 Medical Center. Management in A1 Medical Center has been a critical issue in the past one year. Management has always been of good rapport with the subordinates and the only management factor that attributes to challenges in recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center is policy-based, not leadership based. The prevailin g condition of work in A1 Medical Center and the increasing complexity in the Medicare is hampering the company’s ability to employ more nurses. Managers and directors in the hospital have always practiced good governance but have policy issues in the nursing field. Recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center are suffering from policy-centered strategies that may assist in providing proper employment schedules. Organizational Economics The most important factor that affects organizational performance is the idea of how to manage economics. Economics in its broadest term means the science used to analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of either goods or services. Services form an integral part in the production and its contribution is measurable in terms of output provided by serving customers. Generally, economics has always been the key functional area in the success and development of all organizations. However, the most economics aspect affecti ng the recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the financial input. Financial instability of the A1 Medical Center is hampering its ability to recruit and retain nurses. The modern nursing generation has become more financially demanding than the traditional nurse professionals who seemed to view work as inherently valuable and thus more dedicated to their organizations. Perrine (2009) postulate, â€Å"A variety of factors, such as changes in social, economic, and public policy and shifts in society-wide attitudes influence the members of different generations† (p. 22). Recommended solution The augmenting nurse staffing menace is becoming a hotly contested issue at the helm of international healthcare environment, with a similar situation evident in A1 Medical Center. The nursing staff in this organization as stated in the problem statement is inadequate and the situation is simultaneously increasing from decade to another, a year to the other. As aforementioned, the sh ortage of nurses forces the center’s management to ask the nursing staff to work for long hours, coupled with making use of outside agency nurses to compensate for the shortage. Subsequently, the working conditions are deteriorating with fear surrounding the management on this overwhelming condition as nurses increasingly become impatient towards the management. Based on the prevailing condition, this is one of the reports needed by the management to make informed decisions on the recruitment and retention of nurses in A1 Medical Center. As the analytical review provided an analysis of the three different functional areas, recommendations on this study focused on the Human Resource Management, general organizational leadership and the financial sectors (economics). Recommendations on Human Resource Management Investing in research Research has been an indispensable component to the improvement of several sectors across the world with organizations realizing an existing proble m and seeking possible solutions towards averting such problems. In the contemporary world, the healthcare system has always relayed on research to examine critical issues affecting the system. Within the State of Tennessee and especially in A1 Medical Center, research has remained underutilized and thus some organizational factors remain unrealized. The Medical Center needs research to â€Å"explore, measure, and better define the relationship between nursing care and patient outcomes; to uncover why newly licensed nurses tend to leave a hospital after only a short time† (Hassmiller Cozine, 2006, p.271). Through research, the center will identify viable strategies for addressing nurse shortage. Providing Professional Training and practice Desperate situations call for desperate times and enhancing professional training is becoming a way of enhancing efficacy in all forms of organizations. In the situation where the current organizational financial status cannot accommodate the recurring expenses including wages, salaries and remunerations to improve nurse’s job satisfaction, it is essential for the organization to consider nurses professional training as an option. In respect to this aspect, professional nursing training and practice aids in improving the work efficiency among healthcare workers, which comes with a sense of job satisfaction as well. Hasmiller and Cozine (2006) refer to this aspect as transformation of hospital culture and states, â€Å" hospital nurses have difficult, demanding jobs; they need to feel inspired by their work and supported as professionals if optimal patient care is to be achieved† (p. 27). Professional training is one way of maximizing human resources in the sense that few people are capable of producing substantial outcomes in organization. Professional training and practice have proven significant in enhancing health workers competence in handling complicated conditions. One of the essential strategies that have proven imperative to improving the status of nurse profession and the organizational development as well is the establishment of training centers within the healthcare centers. Setting up professional institutions within the healthcare center will allow A1 Medical Center to expand its working capacity and reduce the number of nurses lost during post-studies. Several ambitious individuals capable of working with healthcare organizations across the State of Tennessee have lacked the opportunity to expend their knowledge due to financial constraints. â€Å"An important factor in the current shortage is the higher proportion of patients having more complex care needs, which increases the demand for nurses with training for specialty areas such as critical care and emergency departments† (Scanlon, 2001, p.17). To curb the growing shortage of nurses accurately in A1 Medical Center, the management on this organization must invest heavily in training new nurses as well as p roviding in-service professional training to the incumbent workforce. Improving wages and benefits there are diverse elements that propagate the eminent challenges that derail effective hiring process of nurses, including poor remuneration and the accompanying benefits. In the past, different researchers have pointed to motivational needs, and especially extrinsic motivational elements like material rewards, as the main driving forces behind successful retention of nurses. Salaries, remunerations, wages and other fringe benefits are core factors that determine the productivity of individual in any given organization. Human resource needs motivations through the well-cared environment as well as satisfactory job conditions that enhance the working morale of individuals in a given environment. â€Å"Low wages, few benefits, and difficult working conditions contribute to recruitment and retention problems for nurse aides† (Scanlon, 2001, p.8). It is essential for any organizatio n to understand that human capital is an important production aspect with financial resource factors equally contributing to the competency of workforce. A sustainable amount of physical resources achieved from an employer always acts as the source of hope and ambitiousness in employees and always increases individual competence and performance in the working environment. For the case of A1, a suitable plan improving employee’s wages and benefits must exist to help avert the nurse shortage that is threatening to subjugate the organization’s commitment in providing quality health care services. However, improving the wages and benefits of workers in A1 does not necessarily mean abnormal pay raise to the nurses. According to Hassmiller and Cozine (2006), â€Å"the morale of nurses employed directly by the hospital also might suffer when they work alongside agency nurses who earn higher wages and enjoy more flexible scheduling† (p.269). Therefore, despite the fact that it is apparent that attractive salaries and remunerations are solutions to stabilizing workforce through enhanced recruitment and retention plan, might attract problems within the labor force. Additional employee supports It is important for healthcare organizations to understand the imperativeness of supporting their staff in overcoming challenges related to their profession. In a bid to improve the recruitment and retention of nursing staff in A1 Medical Center, the management should acknowledge the importance of providing workers with additional support including improving the work environments, enhancing their professional skills and providing social support. For nurses to enhance their professional performance, the management needs to provide such support services as both material possession and social wellbeing of individuals affect their competence and performance. Firstly, A1 Medical Center may provide support in improving the work environment by enhancing the working f acilities. Another strategy under the provision of more employee support is to enhance the conventional work knowledge and other support services for nursing staff. Recommended implementation resources Physical resources For the recommended solutions to become effective, several physical resources are essential in the implementation of the recommended plan. Financial stamina of the company will determine if the implementation of the desired plan will finally become fruitful. The financial position of A1 Medical Center will determine the outcome of the proposed the implementation of the recommended plan in the sense that lack of proper financial capacity to accommodate the program will delay in addressing the nurse shortage. As postulated before, A1 Medical Center will require investing heavily in establishing a nurse-training facility, including a small institution, where new enrolled nurses can acquire basic knowledge in handling patients. Finance is a driver for every economic dev elopment across the globe and thus, it is imperative for A1 to consider their fiscal strength before carrying out the proposed plan. It will be appropriate for A1 medical center to find possible partnerships and financial sponsorship as means of providing financial solution to the implementation of the proposed plan. Human resource A properly planned plan can fail to work if the human resource available fails to undertake stringent measure to implement the plan skillfully. One of the renowned strategies frequently and successfully employed in the implementation of the proposed plan is setting up implementation committee and respective subcommittees. The effective implementation of the plan hinges on the commitment of the concerned committees. Any biasness or maliciousness between the implementation committee or in the subcommittees affects the quality of the implementation process. A1 Medical Center will need to set up a dedicated committee, including professional experts in the imp lementation of the plan. It will require the management of the organization to remain focused towards the implementation process to avoid further delays that may result from personal differences among the committee members. The Medical Center will have to develop a culture in researching as well as research institutes to ascertain issues affecting the organization. Long-term financial and organizational impact of the recommendation Future Financial Impact By A1 opting to address the nursing shortage through the provision of professional training and practice to the incumbent nurses, the organization will reduce the recruitment cost required to increase the labor force. Typically, it will become more economical for the company to increase the professionalism of workers and incur few salaries or wage costs than to increase the number of workforce with little skills. It sounds more economical to provide in-service training to workers who will further remain loyal to the organization on realizing the fringe benefits offered than to acquire voluminous workforce from outside the organization at much higher cost. More importantly, a strategy that involves setting up a nurse training facility seems to be a more appropriate long-term solution for A1 Medical Center. Training young and energetic workforce will enable the healthcare center to be more human-resource equipped than hiring or recruitment trained nurses. Despite ostensibly being a financial requiring project at its onset, the project will aid in reducing recruitment costs in the future. Future Organizational Impact The proposed plan is not a short-term running project and its ramifications might stretch to the foreseen future determination of the Medical Center. Investing in research is among the renowned global strategies that facilitate achievement of long-term organizational goals. Research in A1 Medical Center will aid in providing an enduring solution in the identification and analysis of problems affecti ng the medical center and other healthcare organizations as well. Setting up a research institute will, therefore, enable the organization to have a permanent solution in determining and solving organizational problems. Based on this report, setting up a nurse-training institute is another priority included in this recommendation. The institute will provide an everlasting solution to the nurse shortage in A1 Medical Center as it will enable the organization to produce its own workforce, thus, proving more competent in future. The salary and remuneration plan intended to provide a substantial reward scheme will enable the organization avoid miscellaneous expenses related to employees salaries and payment schemes. Conclusion Conclusively, the global focus on the imperativeness of the healthcare sector at the height of human health needs remains a hotly contested issue across the world, both in developed and developing nations. The stakeholders in the healthcare sector point to the div erse and sometimes complex patients’ needs as the factors that are responsible for the ever-increasing nursing shortage. A1 Medical Center is among the healthcare centers suffering from this menace. In an attempt to help avert this condition, this report recommended that the organization should invest heavily in research, develop a nurse training institution around the organization, and engage in providing nurses with professional training and practice that will eventually assist the organization in reducing the financial cost as well acting as an everlasting recruitment solution. In a bid to achieve the recommendations, the organization needs to increase their financial strength by either engaging in partnerships and other forms of sponsorships to help raise the needed amount to execute the plan. Reference List Hassmiller, S., Cozine, M. (2006). Addressing the nurse shortage to improve the quality of patient care. Health affairs, 25(1), 268-274. Perrine, J. (2009). Strategi es to boost RN retention. Web. Scanlon, W.J. (2001). Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concern. Web.

Edmontosaurus - Facts and Figures

Edmontosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Edmontosaurus (Greek for Edmonton lizard); pronounced ed-MON-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Swamps of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Muscular jaws with numerous teeth; duck-like bill About Edmontosaurus Originally unearthed in Canada (hence its name, honoring the city of Edmonton), Edmontosaurus was a widely distributed plant-eating dinosaur whose strong jaws and numerous teeth could crunch through the toughest conifers and cycads. With its occasionally bipedal stance and medium height, this three-ton hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) probably ate leaves from the low-lying branches of trees, and also got down on all fours when necessary to browse ground-level vegetation. The taxonomic history of Edmontosaurus would make for a good-sized novel. The genus itself was formally named in 1917, but various fossil specimens had been making the rounds well before that; as far back as 1871, the famous paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope described this dinosaur as Trachodon. Over the next few decades, genera like Claosaurus, Hadrosaurus, Thespesius and Anatotitan were thrown around pretty much indiscriminately, some erected to accommodate Edmontosaurus remains and some having new species stuffed under their umbrella. The confusion persists even today; for example, some paleontologists still refer to Anatotitan (the giant duck), even though a strong case can be made that this was actually an Edmontosaurus species. In a stunning feat of retroactive detective work, one paleontologist investigating a bite mark on an Edmontosaurus skeleton determined that it was inflicted by a full-grown Tyrannosaurus Rex. Since the bite was clearly not fatal (theres evidence of bone growth after the wound was incurred), this counts as solid evidence that a) Edmontosaurus was a regular item on T. Rexs dinner menu, and b) T. Rex did occasionally hunt for its food, rather than contenting itself with scavenging already-dead carcasses. Recently, paleontologists discovered a partially mummified Edmontosaurus skeleton bearing an unexpected feature: a fleshy, round, rooster-like comb on top of this dinosaurs head. As yet, its unknown whether all Edmontosaurus individuals possessed this comb, or just one sex, and we cant yet conclude that this was a common feature among other Edmontosaurus-like hadrosaurs.

Full IPAD vehicle intergation (as dispaly for monitoring the speed , Essay

Full IPAD vehicle intergation (as dispaly for monitoring the speed , pertrol consumption , and controlling the AC ..etc) - Essay Example However, I have written the assignment exactly according to your specifications. You are however free to contact me through the message board if you have any concerns about the assignment and I shall respond to you accordingly. Thank you – Isaac. ANSWER According to the Management.About.Com, â€Å"barriers to entry are those things that make it difficult for a new company to compete against companies already established in the field.† This is to say that even though the possibility to enter the market and achieve success even over existing companies is not a fallacy, there are some challenges and hurdles that new companies would have to overcome in order to achieve these successes. The first and most outstanding barrier to entry will be the stiff competition that our company would have to engage in with market pioneers. BMW, an automobile brand giant has already introduced iSO Integration and iPad dock; an iPad vehicle integration system that â€Å"give drivers the cap ability to access text messages, memos, emails from their iOS and Blackberry devices† (Thacker, 2010).

Magnetic Compass Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Magnetic Compass - Term Paper Example According to Discovery channel (2009) the magnetic compass is said to have originated from China in 221 to 206 BC during the Qin dynasty, at first lodestone which is a natural magnetic was used in the construct a fortune teller board, however it was noticed that the lodestone pointed at one direction, this led to the invention of the first compass that made on a square board, the pointer of the compass was a spoon shaped lodestone and 24 cardinal points were marked on the board. Prior to the discovery of the magnetic compass sea voyage navigation depended on the outer space bodies and the sun, the compass is said to have traveled to the middle east and then to Europe while it was still possible that there was independent discovery of the compass in Europe, it is evident that the compass arrived in Europe in the 12th Century AD. The magnetic compass was improved in 8th century AD it was discovered that by rubbing a needle on lodestone the needle would point in one direction; this led to an improvement in the compass whereby the compass was now made by floating the needle on water to point direction. However the needle would loss its magnetism and therefore sailors carried the lodestone to magnetize the needle in case the needle's magnetism weakened. After the discovery of the needle pointer compass these devices were used as navigation aids in ships, Discovery channel (2009) states tha... According to Lane(1963)the compass invention stimulated trade whereby there was an increase in the number of commercial sea voyages and also the possibility of navigation in all the months of the year. Before the invention of the magnetic compass sailors depended on the sun and other outer space bodies to navigate, this means that it was relatively impossible to locate direction during the winter months and when it was dark, foggy and rainy. However sailors would know directions by observing land marks and therefore traveled near the sight of land. Lane (1963) discuses the economic impact of the magnetic compass invention, one of notable impact of the invention is that Mediterranean sailors traveled in the months of October and April, the compass led to an increase in sea travel months and voyages were possible for the months February to December. This shows that there was an increase in the number of travels in seas and this possibly had an impact on the economy, one of the impact is that there was increased trade across nations, another impact is that there was an increase employment whereby increased traveled meant that employment increased as a result of the increase in the months ships could travel. Lane (1963) points out that the number of trips a ship could make doubled, the magnetic compass reduced risks of travel and also quickened the speed at which ships took to travel from one point to another, as a result trade was enhanced and crew members were more likely to be employed for a longer period of time. The compass was also used in the mining industry, the compass in this industry was used to guide miners through the underground tunnels constructed, and

Investigation of Human Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigation of Human Disease - Essay Example Without vitamin K, the levels of these clotting factors will be significantly decreased leading to bleeding tendencies. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and atrophy all lead to failure of liver to secrete bile which is necessary for fat metabolism and its absorption together with vitamin K therefore, decreasing absorption of vitamin K as well. Laboratory results are prolonged bleeding time, PT and prolonged to normal PTT, normal platelet count, decreased levels of coagulation factors except VIII, decreased thrombin time and fibrinogen levels (Guyton & Hall, 2008). Warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant functions by antagonizing vitamin K through the enzyme epoxide reductase which blocks vitamin K to be reduced in its active form. Thus the Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S which are produced in the liver are rendered inactive. About 97% of warfarin is tightly bound to plasma protein primarily albumin. Toxicity of the dru g is dose dependent in which single intake of 10-20 mg only leads to mild intoxication. Meanwhile, chronic intake of small quantities of even 2-5 mg daily can result to considerable anticoagulation effects particularly with ingestion of interacting drugs. Likewise, superwarfarins are long acting and are utilized primarily as rodenticides can be highly potent resulting to extended adverse effects with dose as little as 1 mg. Laboratory findings are prolonged bleeding time and PT and decreased coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. The main consequence of warfarin or superwarfarin poisoning is bleeding (Olson, n.d.). VKOR (Vitamin K epoxide reductuse) can indicate dosages of warfarin and is encoded by the gene VKORC1. Vitamin K is fat-soluble and is needed as cofactor for the carboxylation of ?-carbon of the glutamic acid residues of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors namely II, VII, IX, and X. The process is a vital stage for calcium and phospholipid to bind with these protein s. Epoxide reductase and ?-glutamylcarboxylase are important enzymes for metabolism and renewal of vitamin K. Genetic mutations involving these enzymes lead to their defective functioning eventually decreasing also the function of the vitamin-K dependent clotting factors. Laboratory findings are prolonged PT aPTT, and bleeding time, and decreased factors II, VII, IX, and X. Clinical manifestations of the disorder are characterized by hemorrhages ranging from mild to severe that may be apparent at birth. Medical interventions include replacement therapy with fresh frozen plasma or PCCs (Fauci, A., et al., 2008). Patient 2: Laboratory results: Marginal low thrombin time Diagnosis: Factor V Leiden Factor V Leiden mutation is present in about up to 15% of Caucasians. Genetic mutation of glutamine to arginine substitution at 506 position results to a factor V that is resistant to cleavage by protein C. Consequently, a significant antithrombotic counter-regulatory mechanism is lost result ing to a hypercoagulable state which may predispose a patient to develop thrombus formation (Kumar, et al., 2010). APC acts to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa via activation of thrombomodulin by thrombin. Protein C attaches with thrombomodulin producing then APC. Activated protein C also attaches with protein S on surface membranes of platelets. With this, APC can now lyse activated factors V and VIII. But with factor V Leiden, factor V